Slavery And Plantation In Trinidad And Tobago

Subjugation And Plantation In Trinidad And Tobago Subjugation and Plantations have consistently been connected, driven by financial targets (Williams 1994), from the most punctual time of sugarcane development in the Caribbean. Regardless of the intricacy of the occasions and conditions that made this relationship, sugar development and subjugation both were blasting during the generally serene early long stretches of the eighteenth century. The European requirement for sugar had been expanding, and Englands sugar requests stood out. The British islands like TT were a mono-crop society, with barely any pilgrims developing anything other than sugarcane The Business of Slavery The Triangular Trade is a term normally utilized in conversations of the slave exchange. Slaves would be brought from Africa to the manors, which would send sugar and other nearby merchandise to Europe, who might thus send products to Africa. The products typically sent to Africa were weapons and other made things on the grounds that there was no industry in Africa. In the West Indian islands like TT, in any case, the selling of slaves was a significant piece of the economy. The requirement for additional slaves was consistently more prominent than the market could give, and the West Indian organizations were opened up during the 1700s to outside exchange to help give extra captives to settlements that created sugar. The French supported this exchange on their islands by absolving slaves from most import and fare charges. Life on Plantations Working Conditions: Slave Labor in Plantations the hardest season, a period of work from dawn to nightfall, exposed lower legs and calves stung by cowitch, tied muscles cut by stick leaves that cut like straight razors, backs split open by the whip The estate land comprised of stick fields, arrangement grounds, forest and field. Every grower wanted to have in excess of 200 sections of land of stick land. Arrangement grounds were utilized by the captives to develop root yields, plantains and vegetables for food. The forest gave wood and kindling and the field was utilized for munching dairy cattle (Handler 1965). The stick fields had either recently planted sticks or ratoons. The ratoons were new shoots developing from old stick establishes which were left in the ground after a past yield of stick was gathered. Typically a ratoon field was less gainful. A commonplace sugar bequest had manufacturing plant structures, for example, the plant, bubbling house and restoring house. Around these processing plant structures there were other littler structures and sheds in which, metalworkers, wheelwrights, craftsmen, bricklayers, coopers and other craftsman slaves worked. There would likewise be a little emergency clinic for wiped out sl aves, and a little prison which kept slaves who were being rebuffed. There were extra spaces for devices and supplies and sheds which shielded animals or put away stick garbage or bagasse which was utilized as fuel. Not a long way from the processing plant structures were little houses in which the European directors and administrators lived. They were by and large supervisors, accountants, gifted skilled workers and office staff. In the greatest house experienced the home proprietor. The slave quarters were some good ways from the homes of the chiefs. A work day comprised of 15-16 hours per day, during harvest time and, could continue during harvest and processing for 16-18 every week 7 days per week and as indicated by Stampp (1956) the slaves were given the undertaking to set up the land for planting. Their typical working day started before sunrise and finished after nightfall. They cleared the grass and brambles by weeding and consuming (youngsters between the ages of six and ten may be dynamic as water transporters while kids between the ages of ten and twelve were sorted out into posses and put to weeding). Stick gaps were delved and into these stick tops were planted. As the stick developed, groups of slaves manured the field and weeded brambles that jumped up around the stick plants. Female slaves did a great part of the weeding and the manuring. Following 12 to 15 months the stick was presently experienced. The field was set ablaze to consume off the leaves from the stick stalks and simultaneously to dispose of snakes whi ch lived there. The field slaves, utilizing cutlasses, at that point cut the stick stalks, pressed them in packs and stacked them on to bull drawn trucks which shipped them to the factory. At the plant, the stick was squashed and the juice coursed through drains to enormous metal holders. The stick garbage was evacuated and put away for use as fuel for the boilers. The juice in the huge holders was explained by warming and the expansion of a little amount of lime. This explained juice was then scooped into a copper evaporator in which it was bubbled. Inevitably, the juice from this copper kettle was spooned into a littler heater and was bubbled again and afterward still further in a yet littler evaporator. By at that point, it had changed into clingy syrup which was permitted to cool, and afterward filled wooden hogsheads remaining on shafts in the relieving house. Through little gaps at the base of the hogsheads, molasses leaked out and was gathered in holders set beneath the shaft s. After around three weeks, the rest of the syrup in the hogsheads solidified to frame sugar. The sugar stayed in the hogsheads which were later stuffed into ships for fare to Europe. A few domains additionally made rum by aging juice from the primary bubbling and about a similar amount of molasses. Practically the entirety of this specific work completed in the assembling of sugar and rum was finished by gifted craftsman slaves who were profoundly esteemed by their proprietors. During the processing season, slaves worked in shifts for the duration of the day and night. Much after the harvest season was finished, the bequest proprietor didn't permit his captives to be inactive. The fields must be set up for the new harvest, weeding and manuring of the ratoons must be done, and fixes to waste and water system channels, wall and structures needed to complete. Work was even found for kids from the age of six years of age. They gathered kindling, slice grass to take care of livestock and got drinking water to slaves working in the fields. The manor proprietors didn't need their captives to include themselves out of gear discussion since they felt that the malcontented slaves may utilize the event to plot resistance. Disciplines While every manor had its own arrangement of social, strict, and work codes, all had the essential configuration for an imparted chain of command wherein the slave driver ruled as stray. He kept up the component of slave wretchedness, by controlling the level of torment (Starobin 1974). Medicines were given, for example, mutilation, marking, tying, and murder which were as far as anyone knows controlled or precluded by law. Whippings, beatings, drownings, and hangings were as eccentric as they were horrifying. It was obvious to ranch proprietors that bondage couldn't make due without the whip (despite the fact that proprietors were illegal to intentionally murder or perniciously ravage a slave). Guys and females were whipped aimlessly. The seriousness of whipping relied upon the quantity of strokes to the sort of whip. Fifteen to twenty lashes were commonly adequate, yet they could extend a lot higher. Different things utilized for disciplines included stocks, chains, collars, and irons. It was likewise typical that ladies could be assaulted by the proprietor of the ranch, his children or, any white male. Strategies for Control The White estate proprietors in TT utilized different techniques to keep up full oversight over their slaves. Their central strategy was that of gap and rule. Individuals from a similar clan were isolated on various ranches to forestall correspondence between them. The point behind this was to forestall any designs to revolt on the off chance that they were together. This detachment, be that as it may, made an issue of correspondence, since the ranch would have various gatherings of slaves communicating in various dialects. Consequently, the grower needed to figure out how to speak with their slaves. Before long another dialect, known as Creole, created and this turned into a typical tongue among the slaves. At the point when the British assumed responsibility for the twin islands in the nineteenth century, English words were infused into the language and it turned into the premise of the Creolised language. Slaves were likewise kept from rehearsing their religions. Many slaves were Muslims while numerous others had their own ancestral convictions. In any case, since the Christian grower saw non-Christians as agnostics, they ensured that the slaves couldn't accumulate to love in the manner they were acclimated when they lived in Africa. Later Christian ministers were allowed on the ranches and they were permitted to lecture the slaves on Sundays. In time, a considerable lot of them were changed over to Christianity; it was the general inclination that the changed over slaves got meek and was not ready to help disobedience on the ranches. Another methods for control was the making of a class framework among the slaves. Field slaves shaped the least gathering, despite the fact that some of them had extraordinary aptitudes. The most minimal positioning slaves, the foundation of the estate economy, were the field slaves. The field slaves were isolated into groups as indicated by their physical quality and capacity, with the most grounded and fittest guys and females in the primary posse. The motivating force used to empower difficult work, was lashes of the truck whip, which were uninhibitedly regulated by the drivers, who were special slaves under the managers oversight. Higher up the slave chain of importance were the craftsman slaves, for example, smithies, craftsmen and artisans, who were regularly employed out by the grower. These slaves likewise had chances to gain cash for themselves on different events. Still higher up in this class framework were the drivers who were extraordinarily chosen by the White grower to control different slaves. The local or house slave had an exceptional spot in this course of action, and in light of the fact that they worked in the bosses house and in some cases getti ng extraordinary favors from the ace, they held different slaves in scorn. For the most part, the slaves in the least crosspiece of this social stepping stool were the ones who revolted and regularly local slaves were the ones who sold out

Diabetes in the Young Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diabetes in the Young - Research Paper Example Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Research of type 2 diabetes in the youthful grown-ups and youngsters keeps on giving savvy data about the pathophysiology of the sickness. Qualified analysts credit vulnerability to the sickness to both hereditary and ecological variables (Eppens and Craig, 2006). Acquired qualities may incline a person to a blend of disappointment of beta-cell discharge and heartlessness toward insulin created (Eppens and Craig, 2006). This implies people with a background marked by this sickness have expanded odds of contracting it contrasted with people with no record of type 2 diabetes in their family. 45-80% of these kids have a parent experiencing type 2 diabetes. 74-90% of the revealed kids cases show that they have the first or second degree relative experiencing the illness (Eppens and Craig, 2006). A few analysts may likewise contend that ladies have a higher possibility of getting the infection than men (Eppens and Craig, 2006). Other hereditary elements that expansion the person’s helplessness to the malady are intrauterine presentation to diabetes, adolescence, low birth-weight, and ethnicity (Eppens and Craig, 2006). ... For instance, the constant headway in the innovation business actuates lethargy among the youthful grown-ups and kids, who would prefer to connect with themselves in PC games inside as opposed to riding a bike outside. Accordingly, the degrees of heftiness among the youthful have soar throughout the years, expanding their odds of creating type 2 diabetes (Kaufman, 2002). Weight influences the body by workaholic behavior all the organs. What's more, the elevated cholesterol levels likewise obstruct the veins, causing a disturbance in the gracefully of fundamental catalysts and supplements in the body (Kaufman, 2002). Brief writing survey concentrating on ebb and flow look into The American Pediatric Board depicted sort 2 diabetes as the new pandemic influencing the pediatric populace. The occurrence and pervasiveness rates have expanded by 33% somewhere in the range of 1990 and 2000 (Kaufman, 2002). Research shows that the infection represented 16% of new pediatric diabetes recorded i n the urban regions in 1992, and by 1999 the records appeared at 8-45 % expansion in new cases according to the geographic area (Kaufman, 2002). Further research uncovers that ethnicity assumes a critical job in the defenselessness examples of the sickness. Primarily individuals of African-American, Native-American, Asian-American, and Mexican-American plummet experience the ill effects of type 2 diabetes. For instance, African-American kids speak to 70-75% of new pediatric patients of type 2 diabetes in Ohio and Arkansas (Kaufman, 2002). Exceptionally constrained data is accessible about successful proof based treatment. Be that as it may, National Institute of Health has as of late dispensed subsidizing to a multicenter consortium accused of the obligation of deciding the results of the distinctive treatment regimens

Soap Lab Free Essays

The objective of this research center venture was to test which fixing (fat oil) makes for the best cleanser utilizing the properties of fats/oils. Another objective was to test the cleanser, cleansers, and their waste water to conclude which is the most impact eve and earth well disposed. The gathering was likewise to figure out what was causing t he rubbish in the wake of washing and make sense of an answer for stop it. We will compose a custom paper test on Cleanser Lab or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Trial Design To accomplish the above objectives, four unique kinds of cleansers and two cleansers were made with specific fixings and the alluring properties were considered. The waste water of each cleanser and cleanser was titrated to decide en how the waste water would influence nature. To make four distinct sorts o pop, we utilized ;o oils, vegetable oil and olive oil, and two fats, shortening a d grease. 10 ml of the oils and log of the fat were acquired in a factory measuring utencil. 15 ml of 6 M sodium hydroxide and around 1 ml of glycerol were added to every fixing drop by drop at that point blended completely with a glass bar. The arrangement was then warmed with a warming plate to bubbling until it got pale. After the pas tee cooled, 50 ml of soaked sodium chloride arrangement and ice was blended into t he arrangement. The cleanser was then sifted utilizing attractions filtration and washed with t ml bits of cold water. Each filtrate was spared independently. Two strategies ere utilized for making cleansers. The main technique required 4 ml of tree liquor t o be set in a factory measuring glass. While mixing, 2 ml of concentrated sulfuric corrosive w added to the container. While to blend sat for 10 minutes another factory BEA Kerr was loaded up with ice, log of sodium chloride, and water until the absolute volume w as 75 ml. At that point, in a ml measuring utencil, 5 ml of 6 M sodium hydroxide and 10 ml of watt were blended. Four to five drops of phenolphthalein to the sodium hydroxide arrangement. After the 10 minutes, the sodium hydroxide arrangement was added to t he sulfuric caudally liquor blend until the pink shading delivered by the respectability blurred. The arrangement was filled the saltwater shower a mixed until the clusters were separated. The subsequent cleanser was made AC Roding to strategy II. 5 ml of tree liquor was painstakingly added to 5 ml of concentrate sulfuric corrosive. In another measuring glass, 3 drops Of phenolphthalein was added to 10 ml of 6 M Noah. At that point, the acidic arrangement of shrub liquor was added to the Noah arrangement with steady blending until the pink shading blurred. The two cleansers were e sifted utilizing vacuum filtration and put something aside for the next weeks tests. The next week, solvency, cleaning, and washed tests were performed o figure out which cleanser and cleanser cleaned the best. The wastewater WA s additionally dissected from the procedures of making the cleansers and cleansers. What's more, the contaminants and the ecological effect of the wastewater were recognized deed. After these tests were directed, the gathering needed to choose which cleanser or cleanser would be best for the natural gathering to utilize. To test the solvency of each cleanser and cleanser, pacified bunches of each were added to ml of water, CH3)2CO, an ethyl acetic acid derivation. To test the cleaning capacities of each cleanser and cleanser, a wet paper towel was utilized with tests of each cleanser and cleanser to clean a grimy spot he lab counter. Cleaning capacities were estimated by the measure of buildup a ND earth deserted. Washed of the cleanser and cleansers were tried by including Pease zed clusters of each to water and deciding what number of air pockets were created. The more air pockets that were created, the better the washed was. To test the contaminants and ecological effect of the wastewater we utilized titration. Sing 5 ml filtrate of our vacuumed separating and 45 ml of H2O the gathering initially tried t pH of each filtrate. In the event that a pH more than 7 was discovered the gathering gradually included HCI and t drops were tallied by a sensor and the underlying and last volumes were likewise re request from the burette. On the off chance that a pH under 7 was discovered, at that point Noah was added to the channel ate. The most ecologically agreeable wastewater was resolved dependent on the volume of iterant included. A lower volume of iterant was progressively alluring on the grounds that it me subterranean insect that the wastewater could be all the more effortlessly killed. The last week, the best soap’s and detergent’s dissolvability was tried in various kinds of water. Well water, lake water, and faucet water are the waters that were utilized. At that point, the lake water and well water were tried for contaminant s. On the off chance that the water contained calcium particles, DEED was added to the water to dispose of them he water was acidic, the base Noah was added to kill the water. Step by step instructions to refer to Soap Lab, Papers

Best SAT and ACT Test Dates for Seniors

We know that for many rising seniors, it feels like summer has just begun. But fall is coming quickly, and with only a month of vacation left, you may be asking questions like When should seniors take the ACT? or When do I need to take the SAT for Early Action or Early Decision? If you are looking for help preparing to test, please be sure to contact our directors and sign up for a practice test. This time of year, our practice test sessions and tutor schedules fill up quickly. Below is a recap of our best test dates for juniors, which may help you solidify your test prep plans; view a summary table of these dates and deadlines at the bottom of this post. Click here for a full list of test dates during the 2019-2020 school year and here to view our best dates for juniors. SAT SAT SUBJECT TESTS August 24, 2019 Registration Deadline: July 26, 2019 | Late Registration Deadline: August 13, 2019 Scores Available: September 6, 2019 We’ve passed the regular registration deadline, but you still have a couple of weeks for late registration. This test is ideal for rising seniors who have been preparing over the summer or feel that they can dedicate real time over the next month to prepare. If you’re already signed up for this test date but aren’t sure if you’ll be ready, it may be worth working with a tutor or taking a practice test to see where you stand. Many schools superscore  and you never know what might come up at a future test date (click for our list of super score and score choice college policies). If you’re applying under Early Decision or Early Action and you have not yet taken a test, we strongly encourage you to take the August 24 test so you can retake in October if necessary. Spaces are filling fast! If you’re interested in an August SAT, sign up now!   October 5, 2019 Registration Deadline: September 6, 2019 | Late Registration Deadline: September 24, 2019 Scores Available: October 18 24, 2019 This may be your last opportunity to test, review, and submit your scores before the November 1 Early Decision and Early Action application deadlines. Note that some colleges will accept November (or even later) scores as an addendum to your completed early application, but you will need to check on the specific policies at the schools of your choice. October is a great time for retaking the SAT or filling in any necessary Subject Tests  (click for our list of college Subject Tests requirements and recommendations). Please note that this date offers a limited number of subjects: Literature, U.S. History, Mathematics Level 1 and 2, Biology E/M, Chemistry, Physics, Spanish, and French. While many testing locations are available for the October test, popular ones can still fill up, so it’s always a good idea to register as soon as possible. November 2, 2019 Registration Deadline: October 3, 2019 | Late Registration Deadline: October 22, 2019 Scores Available: November 15 21, 2019 November can work as an opportunity to retake the SAT or Subject Test for seniors applying under regular application conditions with January deadlines. Of the fall test dates, only November offers the language with listening SAT Subject Tests. December 7, 2019 Registration Deadline: November 8, 2019 | Late Registration Deadline: November 26, 2019 Scores Available: December 20-26, 2019 The beginning of December is the last opportunity you will have to take the test and send results to schools in time for deadlines. December is also your only chance in the fall to take the Latin Subject Test. ACT September 14, 2019 Registration Deadline: August 16, 2019 | Late Registration Deadline: August 30, 2019 Scores Available: September 24 October 8, 2019 September is a very popular fall test date. If you’re applying early to schools, the September ACT will ensure that your scores arrive in time. Students also like this date because they’re back in school and refocused on academics, but they’re not so deep in the school year that they’re overwhelmed by school work. The registration deadline is August 16, with late registration cutting off on August 30, so if you’re thinking of the September test but haven’t yet registered, you may want to sign up soon! October 26, 2019 Registration Deadline: September 20, 2019 | Late Registration Deadline: October 4, 2019 Scores Available: November 14 26, 2019 The October ACT is a great option for retaking the ACT, especially for regular decision applications. If you are applying early, you may be able to send October scores, depending on the school’s policies, but you may not be able to review those scores in advance. December 14, 2019 Registration Deadline: November 8, 2019 | Late Registration Deadline: November 22, 2019 Scores Available: December 24, 2019 January 7, 2020 This is your last chance for ACT retakes prior to standard admission deadlines. This could be an opportunity to focus on a stubborn section to bring up your overall composite. But by now, you should have at least one score already in the bank. Test DateTestRegistrationLate RegistrationMultiple Choice Scores Available August 24, 2019SAT Subject TestsJuly 26, 2019August 13, 2019September 6, 2019 September 14, 2019ACTAugust 16, 2019August 30, 2019September 24 - October 8, 2019 October 5, 2019SAT Subject TestsSeptember 6, 2019September 24, 2019October 18 - 24, 2019 October 26, 2019ACTSeptember 20, 2019October 4, 2019November 14 - 26, 2019 November 2, 2019SAT Subject TestsOctober 3, 2019October 22, 2019November 15 - 21, 2019 December 7, 2019SAT Subject TestsNovember 8, 2019November 26, 2019December 20 - 26, 2019 December 14, 2019ACTNovember 8, 2019November 22, 2019December 24, 2019 - January 7, 2020 Selected your test dates, but need help signing up? Click here to learn everything you need to know about registering for the SAT and ACT.

To What Extent Did Roosevelts New Deal Programs Aid the...

On October 29, 1929 marks the official opening of the Great Depression. During 1933, the unemployment rate in United State reached 25%; it was not until the second quarter of 1933 where the US economy started to reclaim. President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed the foundation of the New Deal within the First Hundred Days when he came into power. To determine the New Deal Program’s role during the Great Depression, the sources used in this investigation include: The Great Depression and the New Deal by Robert F. Himmelberg, and Depression Decade: From New Era through New Deal, 1929-1941 by Broadus Mitchell. There will also be a discussion involving World War II’s role in ending the economic crisis. A journal article â€Å"The Reality of the†¦show more content†¦During the famous First Hundred Days, the Emergency Banking Act was the initial to come out of President Roosevelt’s program. This measure empowered the government to close banks that were closed t o collapse and reopened when readied. With this new act, the general public was no longer afraid and regained confidence in the banking system. The tendency to hoard cash diminished rapidly, panicky withdrawals ended, money returned to checking and savings accounts, and the banking system stabilized. Despite the economic recovery caused by the First New Deal, the Great Depression continued. So in 1935, Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal, this time more aggressive than ever. The Second New Deal included Works Progress Administration (WPA) and National Labor Relations Act or Wagner Act. Most of the measures released between 1935-1936 were leaning towards the general public. This lead â€Å"many business leaders perceived the Second New Deal’s labor and work relief policies as anti business. Particularly towards the Wagner Act, which established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). This agency had the ability to protect workers’ rights from any encumbrances. The board prohibited five unfair practices: (1) interference with employees in the exercise of guaranteed rights; (2) financial or other support of a company union; (3) use of hiring and firing to encourage membership in a company union orShow MoreRelatedap us history dbq1672 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿1.All of the following statements are true about Herbert Hoover’s responses to the Great Depression EXCEPT: B.:-) He saw the Depression as akin to an act of nature, about which nothing could be done except to ride it out. 2.Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program attempted or achieved all of the following EXCEPT C.:-) supported the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 3.The â€Å"New Immigration† was made up primarily of D.:-) persons from Southern and Eastern Europe. Read MoreFranklin Roosevelt (FDR) Essay850 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s program of relief, recovery, and reform that aimed at solving the economic problems created by the Depression of the 1930’s, was referred to as the New Deal. The Great Society was the name given to the domestic program of the U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson. Both programs had similar yet opposing points. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Something had to be done about the banking system disintegration, andRead MoreFdr : Champion Of Freedom2814 Words   |  12 Pagesone, if not the greatest Chief Executive in American history. Roosevelt’s many accomplishments as President of the United States ensure his place in American history. He transformed the American nation into the modern welfare state known today, enabling the United States to better care for its citizens. Roosevelt led American opinion from profound isolationism to an acceptance of and support for the eventual entry of the United States into the Second World War. As a war leader, Roosevelt made soundRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic collapse that occurred in the 1930s. It was a pivotal moment in American history. Its effects were not only felt in the United States, but spread worldwide. In response and as an attempt to rectify the calamity, President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched a set of federal programs called the New Deal. The New Deal was aimed at bringing about an end to the crippling Great Depression with the least amount of economic casualties in America as possibleRead MoreLiberal Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Conservative Herbert C. Hoover1534 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt is commonly thought of as a liberal and President Herbert C. Hoover as a conservative. To what extent are these characterizations valid? President Franklin D. Roosevelt is commonly identified as a liberal and President Herbert C. Hoover as a conservative. The validity of these characterizations, however, is conditional upon the definition of these labels. If one adopts the most conventional contemporary definitions of the terms â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"conversative,† thenRead MoreEconomics...In Real Life1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s were a time of luxury and economic stability in the United States, that is, until the day the stock market crashed and the country was plummeted in to a time of misery and uncertainty called the Great Depression. The ten year span from 1929 until 1939 is one of the worst episodes the United States has ever experienced; it held a great shortage in the money supply, massive unemployment, and despair and doubt for all of the people who lived through it. Frederick Lewis Allen’s book Since Yesterday:Read MoreEssay about The New Deal2801 Words   |  12 PagesThrough out the history of the United States and the world for that matter, there have been many ideas and laws that were considered revolutionary at time, meaning they were thought to be groundbreaking and completely new. However, this conception is often a mistake; many of these ideas are simply evolutions of previous and forgotten notions. This means that they were not truly avant-garde but actually just older ideas that changed and developed over the years. Two major political plans of the earlyRead MorePresidential Greatness-Fdr4850 Words   |  20 PagesPresidential greatness has many aspects, but it primarily means demonstrating effective, inspiring, visionary, and transformational leadership in times of great challenge and crisis. There have been many effective presidents, but there have only been a few great presidents because simply being effective and successful does not make one a great president. The distinction between presidential effectiveness and presidential greatness is that presidential greatness can only be attained when the exceptionalRead MoreFrom 1917 to 1919 Woodrow Wilson argued Essay2076 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿1 From 1917 to 1919 Woodrow Wilson argued that the United States faced new responsibilities for global leadership, and advocated U.S. participation in the League of Nations, a collective body designed to ensure international peace, security, and prosperity. Most Americans rejected Wilson’s overtures, however. Beginning in 1937 Franklin Roosevelt (and Truman after FDR’s death) made arguments similar to those of Wilson and ultimately built widespread public support for full involvement in WorldRead MoreGreat Depression of 19293549 Words   |  15 PagesThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. It began in the United States and quickly spread to Europe and every part of the world, with devastating effects in both industrialized coun tries and producers of raw materials. International trade declined sharply, as did personal incomes, tax revenues, prices and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those based on heavy industry. Unemployment and

New Accounting Standard Proposal Free-Samples for Students

Question: Explain why the Manager might object to the Proposed New Standard. Answer: Explanation on why the manager might object to the proposed new standard Basing on the proposed new accounting standard, the manager might object its proposal because since the manager is risk averse, an increase in the volatility of expected future remuneration will decrease the expected utility thus holding the expected value of compensation constant (Ballwieser, Bamberg, Beckmann, Bester, Blickle, Ewert, Gaynor, 2012). Given the rigidity of the contract, the manager will object to the new standard because the expected utility of remuneration is lower. In this particular case, an increase in volatility will significantly decrease the amount of income that should be recorded by the company. This action is basically not welcomed by any manager in any organization because most of the companies exist so as to make profit necessary for expansions and growth. Consequently, the manager is assumed to be a risk-averse individual, increases the amount of compensation and debt covenants risks often lowers the managers expected utilities because apprehension of the manager's legitimate concerns about the aspect of risks often assists diverse students to understand the controversies that basically surrounds the many standards of accounting (Mitnick, 2015). Diverse risk averse managers are often aware of various risks that may result in any change or alteration in the accounting standards. This proposed new standard will limit the amount of revenues that the firm is capable of recording because it negatively affects the volatility of the net income. The manager usually expects the company to continue its operations for a significantly longer period so as to increase their ultimate shareholder's wealth and the share price of the company. References Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M. J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R., Gaynor, M. (2012).Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science Business Media. Mitnick, B. M. (2015). Agency theory.Wiley E

Panel Discussion free essay sample

To be honest, we felt a little disappointed when Ms. Jeanne Purpura told us minutes before our panel discussion that the projector was not available for use. In addition, we also sort of panicked because almost half of what we would deliver that day was only based and could only be delivered effectively by our powerpoint presentation. The graphs and statistics we have researched about were included in that visual aid; the audience might have enjoyed and understood the discussion more if the projector was functioning well. All the same, we still managed to get through. In fact, in my opinion, we have achieved our objective of informing the audience about mobile nuclear drive, its advantages, disadvantages and consequences to the health and welfare of the society. However, no panel discussion is perfect. In fact, no speech is flawless; everyone has his/her own strengths and weaknesses. And in this paper, I am going to discuss the strong and weak points of our panel discussion. We will write a custom essay sample on Panel Discussion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Let me begin with the â€Å"Speaker† aspects in the rubric for panel discussion. I admit that one of the weak spots of our group was the lack of enthusiasm in our facial expressions and voice projection. We, the panel members, also failed to establish rapport with one another. However, in my opinion, my groupmates and I tried our best to be as knowledgeable as possible with regards to our assigned topic. Without a doubt, I can tell that we looked prepared and credible, not just because we are engineering students and are expected to really have some grasp of these kind of topics but because we have really researched and internalized the issue in depth. We also wore appropriate formal attire and took our respective roles as different kinds of engineers seriously. As a result of these, we had some convincing power towards the audience that I felt their eagerness to listen and learn more about our subject matter. They even asked a handful of questions and this serves as proof that they were really into our discussion. On the other hand, I confess that the flow of our discussion was not that organized. The ideas did not come in a smooth flow and I think, this was one of the consequences of not having a visual aid. In effect, the panel discussion lacked spontaneity. However, we should have adjusted with regards to that aspect for the reason that technical difficulties are inevitable and a good speaker should have seen that and have prepared for that beforehand. In the rubric, we scored relatively high in the â€Å"Message Content† part. I think it is because our arguments are supported with adequate evidence and well–researched facts and information. We failed to cite our references though, for the reason that our list of references was embedded in our powerpoint presentation. Lastly, based on the feedback we have received from our blockmates, I believe that our group has answered the questions of the audience credibly and convincingly. Next aspect would be the organization. Thanks to our moderator, Mr. Doolittle, who started and ended our panel discussion with a bang. On the other side of the coin, we failed to use transitions and the details we discussed were not that logically organized, like what I said in one of the paragraphs above. In other words, a smooth flow of ideas was not observed. Apologies. In the aspect of transmission, we also scored relatively high. There was a varied intonation and a conversational tone while we delivered the information. There was also a controlled speed delivery; we went not too fast but not too slow. In simpler words, we went at a moderate pace, so as not to hurry or lose the eagerness of the audience. When it comes to nonverbal aspects of speech delivery, our group did not fail to apply what we have learned. I noticed some simple but effective gestures while watching our video. Even the effortless movements of hands while discussing could help in transmitting what we are trying to express or say. Our group also explained the technicalities and the mechanics of nuclear power in layman’s terms so as to be understood by our blockmates who are not that familiar with our subject matter. For this reason, I think it is valid to say that we used clear language to benefit everyone. Still, we fell trap to using fillers like uhm’s and ah’s and unavoidable pauses. Sorry for those. On the bright side, there was no code-switching in our discussion. In linguistics,  code-switching  is the switching between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation. In our discussion, we really tried our very best to explain the topic to our audience through he use of only one language, English. This is for the reason that English will be used when we communicate with our fellow engineers and with other professionals less than five years from now. Last would be the audience rapport. At the beginning of the discussion, our moderator formally acknowledged the presence of the audience, especially of Ms. Jeanne. Also, our group made it a point to include audience participation in our discussion. In truth, according to them, we have addressed and answered their questions and clarifications properly. Also, a big â€Å"thank you† to our moderator, Mr. Doolittle, who did well in maintaining the balance of our discussion and for adding some humor when the topic becomes serious and very technical; without him, the audience might have been bored with the endless scientific terms being bombarded to them. With this, the audience paid attention and rapport with them was established. What’s more, the fact that our topic, Mobile Nuclear Drive, was new, interesting, appealing and environment-related adds to the list of our strengths of our panel discussion. Conversely, one weak point in this aspect would be the failure of establishing and maintaining eye contact with the audience. To sum up, for the reason that we received more good comments than bad ones from our blockmates, I can say that our panel discussion was not much of a disaster even though we did not have a powerpoint presentation to aid us. Just like the previous activity, the Informative Speech, I also learned lots of lessons in this Panel Discussion activity. First, be prepared just in case a technical difficulty comes in and ruins your original plan. Always have plan B. Second, rapport is very essential when it comes to almost everything. But to be specific, audience rapport in speeches is a â€Å"must† because without it, your whole speech would be wasted because no one will listen to you. Third, know your topic from the heart. Who knows? You could be asked with heaps of questions and you should be able to answer if not all, most of them. Plus, five years from now, we might be working in a company and when it comes to project or business proposals, we should master every detail, may it be big or small, so as to gain the credibility and trust of other, even higher professionals. Lastly, there must be a logical organization of the details or the parts of your speech so as not to confuse your audience and for them to continue listening with eagerness and full attention.

diagnosis essays

diagnosis essays Jennifer came to me several failed visits and theripys through out her teen years. She had, like it past reports complained of "always feeling worried and anxious". She often talked on how going out to social settings and relationships was so difficult. Believing that it was her fate to always be alone. She felt very uncomfortable around crowds as if they would turn on her in angry or disapproval. Jennifer had came to me after a referral from a mutual friend of mine. One that she had built a friendship with the current job that she had worked continuously for 2 yrs. Talking about her past relationships, I found she hadn't been intimate with any single person in over six yrs. That all had failed within 3 moths. Most of her broken relationships were because she felt mistrust, and a feeling that "they were trying to pull something over on me, and I (Jennifer) was so afraid of being hurt". Often, making quick calls and predictions to the short-term future, she thought it was best to "run away." Jennifer's body language showed of an act. Working in the pubic she had taught herself to act how she viewed as normal. There was difficulty in eye contact, almost as if she was fighting not to look away. Observing her petite frame, it was on that Turning around I viewed her expressions threw a mirror on the wall, becoming untensed and looking down, it was an action of a person being gratefully relived. After building a strong foundation over several months, I begun slowly taking her back to her teen years. I found when Jennifer was 15 years of age; she had become intimate with a 17-year-old male. This relationship had lasted for two years. During the relationship, she told of constily being put down, that it wasn't nothing physical but all mental. She told of several experiences of that the male had look outside their relationship for other sexual gradifications, even so far to involve the majority of her trusted female friends. Jennifer ...

Pension System in China Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Pension System in China - Thesis Example According to the research findings, the growth of the pension funds has consistently represented a challenge especially considering the present position of commercial banking. However, there have also been benefits related to expansion and growth of the financial markets, hence leading to efficiency and liquidity. This paper has found out that an effective pension system requires such pre-conditions as sound commercial banking, market stability, effective financial regulations, and commercial systems of insurance. In the perspective of China, the country is present, at an important period with regard to its economic and social transition. The comprehensive reform of China’s social security and pension systems is a critical strategic factor that will assist in realizing a sustainable development in pension plans as well as a harmonious society. However, its current approach to pension system is inadequate in facilitating a realization of the country’s economic developmen t objectives now and for future generation. Presently, China is at an important period with regard to its economic transition. The comprehensive reform of its social security and pension systems is a critical strategic factor that is aimed towards realizing a sustainable development as well as a harmonious society. The common view by policymakers in China is that the current approach to the pension is inadequate in facilitating a realization of the country’s economic development objectives now and in the future. According to these policymakers, a reformed pension system will see urban systems being sustainable, multilayered, protects at the basic level and has broad coverage. However, though the relevant authorities have placed the increasing premium on a more balanced development between urban, and rural areas, households and different regions, the pension system has a per today only contributed to divergence.

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literary Analysis - Essay Example As might be expected from such a summary, the action of the story goes much deeper than the simple activities of a woman tending her favorite plants within the strictly defined space of a cottage garden. Steinbeck’s fluid style and gentle suggestive use of language highlights a deeper meaning to the story, particularly when the reader reaches the final lines in which it is seen that Elisa is â€Å"crying weakly – like an old woman.† With his use of imagery and action, Steinbeck highlights Elisa Allen’s isolation and frustration both within her garden and through her relationships with others such as the tinker and her husband, Henry. Elisa’s garden quickly illustrates the degree to which Elisa herself is isolated from the rest of the world. Elisa, like her flowers, is completely enclosed within the garden space which is marked by a low fence. This fence stands between her and the other characters throughout much of the story. This is symbolic of how she is enclosed and isolated from the rest of the world. This isolation is also emphasized by the setting described: â€Å"The high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the [valley] from the sky and all the rest of the world.  Ã‚  On every side it sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the great valley a closed pot† (Steinbeck). This setting indicates that even if she were to leave the garden, Elisa would still find herself cut off from the rest of society. Her isolation is also made clear as she watches her husband talk to strangers not far away but is prevented, by custom and expectation, from joining them despite her own curiosity about what they are saying. In a similar way, Steinbeck forces the reader to make a mental link between the chrysanthemums in the garden and Elisa’s tremendous frustration with her life. He does this first by pointing out the manner in which she works with the flowers, â€Å"The chrysanthemum stems seemed too small and easy for her energy†

The challenge for a self regulatory organization arbitrator Essay Example for Free

The challenge for a self regulatory organization arbitrator Essay An effective arbitration system requires competent, impartial and just arbitrators who will discharge their duties with great care. It is essential for arbitrators to realize that the disputing parties consider them to be akin to judges and that their power in some respects exceeds that of the judges in the sense that with the exception of a few causes, their decisions cannot be reversed. Arbitrators should not only be impartial but they should also appear to be so. â€Å"In arbitration, even more than in court, not only must justice be done, but justice must also be seen to be done . † Ethical Responsibilities. Sometimes, the arbitrator’s position in respect of a dispute could lead to a conflict of interests. Whenever such an event occurs, the arbitrator has to appraise the Director of Arbitration in this regard or in the alternative the arbitrator may decline to sit on the arbitration panel. The reason for such stringency is that arbitrators, in the course of their work, decide on issues that are of immense importance to the disputing parties, who must at all times be assured that their dispute has been accorded the fairest hearing possible and that justice to the fullest extent possible has been rendered. Independence and Impartiality The concept of independence and impartiality occupies a central place in civil justice and both the Online Dispute Resolution or ODR service provider as well as the individual arbitrator must not only be independent and impartial but must also appear to be so. Further, they should not have any vested interests. Moreover, it should be necessary for individual arbitrators and mediators to strictly adhere to a code of professional ethics. Such a code of professional ethics should ensure that arbitrators and mediators reveal personal interests in the dispute. Further, it should ensure that the arbitrators and mediators avoid conflicts of interest. The extent of the job security and remuneration of third parties should be adequate to ensure neutrality. The ODR user should be granted access to information in respect of the compliance of the arbitrators and mediators with these requirements. Moreover, third party arbitrators and mediators should be allocated on a strictly random basis and no single party should be permitted to select a particular arbitrator or mediator . It is important to note that the rules of international arbitration require the arbitrators to be invariably impartial in their reasoning. Further, these arbitrators have to be independent of the parties involved in the arbitration. The rules however do not specify this applicability in practice and in this respect, Article 7 of the American Arbitration Association’s International Rules allows this impartiality to vary if the parties involved have agreed to so. This Article 7 states that â€Å"Unless the parties agree otherwise, arbitrators acting under these rules shall be impartial and independent. † In an inflexible manner, the ICC Rules provide that â€Å"every arbitrator appointed or confirmed by the Court must be and remain independent of the parties involved in the arbitration† and that they shall make disclosures accordingly . The London Court of International Arbitration makes it mandatory that arbitrators â€Å"be and remain at all times wholly independent and impartial, and shall not act as advocates for any party† . The UCITRAL states that â€Å"Any arbitrator may be challenged if circumstances exist that give rise to justifiable doubts as to the arbitrator’s impartiality or independence† . The process of arbitration entails an impartial, independent third party that considers the statements of the disputing parties prior to resolving the dispute by issuing a decision that is binding on all the parties involved in the dispute. This process is utilized in a wide range of disputes. Arbitrators are required to have better knowledge and better focussed expertise on the subject matter in comparison to the ordinary judges or jurors. Moreover, they should deal with the disputed matter with greater efficiency and logic. Due to these requirements, arbitral firms generally maintain information about prospective arbitrators and such information includes the specialised expertise of these arbitrators. However, in cases involving intellectual property, technical know-how though helpful may not always be desirable. Disputes arising out of contractual terms could differ and arbitrators having legal knowledge invariably have greater expertise than arbitrators without such knowledge. This explains the reason why parties always prefer a lawyer to be their arbitrator. In intellectual property matters the chances of a non legal person becoming an arbitrator are remote . In general, arbitration is characterized by parties who consent to use the process, privacy, the determination of the outcome by a third party, a legally binding and absolute process and the existence of narrow grounds on the basis of which an appeal can be made. Such hearings are usually less formal than court hearings and some forms of arbitration are conducted solely on the basis of documents and do not involve hearings . In A. S. M Shipping v. T. T. M. I it was held that in accordance with the precedent set by the European Court of Justice, the English law required the determiner of a bias to be fair minded and knowledgeable. In the case of Porter v. Magill the court created a test whereby it could be ascertained whether a fair minded, informed observer, â€Å"having considered the facts, would conclude that there was a real possibility that the Tribunal was biased. Trade Arbitrations, like the London Maritime Arbitrators Association of the LMAA, the Grain And Feed Trade Association or GAFTA, the Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Association or FOSFA, the London Metal Exchange or the LME, etc, constitute a major characteristic of London arbitration. A sizable amount of the world’s shipping and commodities trading utilize contract forms that specify London as the venue for trade arbitrations. The persons who are members of these arbitral bodies are required to possess widespread experience in the trade and at times they have to be active traders. Accordingly, in Rustal Trading Ltd v Gill Duffus SA one of the consultants of Rustal was being censured for his commercial character. The facts were that previously, one of the arbitrators had been embroiled in trade arbitration against him. While setting aside the challenge to this arbitrator, Moore-Bick J held that it could fairly be assumed that one of the reasons why the parties have agreed to trade arbitration is that they wish to have their dispute decided by people who are themselves active traders and so have direct knowledge of how the trade works. However, if the arbitrators themselves are to be active traders there is every likelihood that at least one member of the tribunal will at some time have had commercial dealings with one or both parties to the dispute. That is something which the parties must be taken to have had in mind . Conclusion The past two to three decades have been witness to the fact that disputes in international business have been resolved by international commercial arbitration. The success of this system is reflected in the resolution of important disputes that had their origin in the nationalization of oil concessions in the 1970s and 1980s, mammoth international construction projects such as the subterranean tunnel under the English Channel and crises brought about by incidents like â€Å"the French sinking of the Rainbow Warrior on its green peace mission. † Moreover, its success has been proved by the tremendous growth â€Å"in the number of arbitration centers, arbitrators and arbitrations . † The world of business has been subjected to tremendous growth with the result that it has become imperative to have in place a reliable and competent business disputes resolution mechanism. In general, businesses are partial to settling their differences in a manner that does not create animosity with the resultant hampering of their business relationship. Thus, arbitration, which entails rapid, pragmatic and efficient dispute resolution, is uniquely suited to such an endeavour. The process of arbitration differs from the usual judicial process as it is carried out by neutral arbitrators who are chosen by the disputing parties. Arbitration involves either one or three arbitrators and the particulars of the arbitration, like organization, arrangement, location and extent are incorporated in their contract. The arbitration clause, which contains these particulars, is in general agreed upon at the time of formulating the initial contract. The process of arbitration consists of a voluntary method of settling disagreements by obtaining a concluding and obligatory verdict from an unbiased third party regarding business disputes between parties. The value of this method is immeasurable in international business transactions which involve business parties who are on several occasions ignorant of the foreign legal systems . This essay examined the role of arbitrators in international trade disputes. The requirement that arbitrators should be impartial and independent had been analyzed by resorting to the decisions in relevant cases, scholarly journals and the United Kingdom’s Government’s Websites, which revealed that in the majority of the cases these arbitrators were functioning in an impartial and independent manner. The challenges faced by arbitrators and the court’s decisions have been discussed at length. International arbitrations are beset with a host of problems that are unique to such arbitrations; this situation arises due to the fact that opinion regarding what is deemed to be acceptable commercial practice differs from country to country. Due to the proclivity of the domestic courts to adopt a more or less laissez faire attitude, international arbitrations are to a large extent self-regulatory. In general, international arbitrations entail commercial disputes in construction, international sale of goods and commodities, and shipping . From the foregoing analysis it can be concluded that in the majority of the cases international arbitrators are impartial and independent. ? Bibliography 1. Arbitrator’s Manual. Available at http://www. nasd. com/ArbitrationMediation/ResourcesforArbitratorsandMediators/GeneralInformationandReference/ArbitratorsManual/EntireDocument/index. htm 2. A. S. M Shipping v. T. T. M. (2005). EWHC 2238. 3. Bank Mellat v Helleniki Technik (1984) QB 291. 4. Bank Mellat v GAA (1988) 2 LI 44. 5. Bazerman, Max H. , Farber, Henry S. Arbitrator Decision Making: When Are Final Offers Important? Industrial Labor Relations Review. Ithaca: Oct 1985. Vol. 39, Iss. 1; pg. 76. 6. Bremer Handles GmbH v EtsSoules e Cie (1985) 2 IR119. 7. David L Dickinson. A Comparison of Conventional, Final-Offer, and Combined† Arbitration for Dispute Resolution, Industrial Labor Relations Review. Ithaca: Jan 2004. Vol. 57, Iss. 2; pg. 288 8. Dezalay, Yves and Garth, Bryant. G. Dealing in virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and the Constitution of a transnational†¦1996, University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0226144224. 9. Hammond v Bradford City Council (1970) 1 WLR 937. 10. Hornle, Julia. Online Dispute Resolution in Business to Consumer E – Commerce Transactions. Available at http://www2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2002_2/hornle/ 11. http://fdcc. digitalbay. net/documents/Lanzone-SU04. htm 12. http://www. onlinedmc. co. uk/a_s_m_shipping_v__t_t_m_i. htm 13. IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration, available at http://www.sccinstitute. com/_upload/iba_guidelines_22_may_2004. pdf 14. Icori v KFTCIC Paris Court of Appeal 28 June 1991. 15. International Arbitration. Available at http://www. osec. doc. gov/ogc/occic/arb-98. html 16. Judicial Review: A Proposed Pre – action Protocol. A Lord Chancellor’s Department Consultation Paper. 2001. Department for Constitutional Affairs. Crown Copyright. Available at http://www. dca. gov. uk/consult/judrev/judrevanna. htm#anna1 17. LCIA to publish challenge decisions, 2006, available at http://www. lcia.org/PRINT/NEWS_print. html 18. Lerma, Jose Manuel Iborra. Worldwide Forum on the Arbitration of Intellectual Property Disputes: Geneva, 1994. World Intellectual Property Organization, p. 157-158. ISBN 9280504983. 19. Porter v. Magill (2002) AC 357. 20. Rustal Trading Ltd v Gill Duffus SA (2001). 1 Lloyds Law Reports 14. 21. SA Coppee Lavalin v Ken Ren (1994) 2 WLR 631. 22. Susan T Mackenzie. Compulsory Arbitration: The Grand Experiment in Employment, Industrial Labor Relations Review. Ithaca: Jul 1999. Vol. 52, Iss. 4; p. 648.

Alice Walker :: essays research papers

†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She was born into a poor sharecropper family, and the last of eight children. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the age of 8 she was accidentally shot in the eye by her brother and was blinded on one eye until she the age of 14 when she got an operation and regained some of her sight. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This experience made her very secluded and reserved. She thought a lot about suicide but found comfort in writing. She became an observer rather than a participator in everyday life. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alice Walker herself has said: â€Å"I believe it is from this period – from my solitary, lonely position, the position of an outcast – that I began really to se people and things, really to notice relationships and to learn to be patient enough to care about how they turned out...† †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She was one out of only six black students at the Sarah Lawrence College in New York where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW has had some problems of her own; she was very depressed after an abortion in senior year at college. She slept with a razor under her pillow for three nights as she wanted to commit suicide. Instead she turned to writing and in a week she wrote the story â€Å"To Hell with Dying†. She only stopped writing to eat and sleep. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW always turned to writing when she was depressed, in these periods she got the greatest inspiration to her stories. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW and her ex-husband Melvyn Leventhal were the first legally married interracial couple to live in the state of Missisippi (married in 1967, divorced in 1976). They had a daughter, Rebecca. She later remarried fellow editor Robert Allen. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW was active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. She has spoken for the women’s movement, the anti-apartheid movement, for the anti-nuclear movement and against female genital mutilation. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW calls herself â€Å"a womanist â€Å", her term for a black feminist. She is one of the female Afro-American writers founding the concept â€Å"New Black Renaissance† . Style †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW’s work is deeply rooted in oral tradition; in the passing on of stories from generation to generation in the language of the people. To AW the language had a great importance. She uses the â€Å"Slave language†, which by others is seen as â€Å"not correct language†, but this is because of the effect she wants the reader to understand. Alice Walker :: essays research papers †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She was born into a poor sharecropper family, and the last of eight children. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the age of 8 she was accidentally shot in the eye by her brother and was blinded on one eye until she the age of 14 when she got an operation and regained some of her sight. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This experience made her very secluded and reserved. She thought a lot about suicide but found comfort in writing. She became an observer rather than a participator in everyday life. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alice Walker herself has said: â€Å"I believe it is from this period – from my solitary, lonely position, the position of an outcast – that I began really to se people and things, really to notice relationships and to learn to be patient enough to care about how they turned out...† †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She was one out of only six black students at the Sarah Lawrence College in New York where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW has had some problems of her own; she was very depressed after an abortion in senior year at college. She slept with a razor under her pillow for three nights as she wanted to commit suicide. Instead she turned to writing and in a week she wrote the story â€Å"To Hell with Dying†. She only stopped writing to eat and sleep. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW always turned to writing when she was depressed, in these periods she got the greatest inspiration to her stories. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW and her ex-husband Melvyn Leventhal were the first legally married interracial couple to live in the state of Missisippi (married in 1967, divorced in 1976). They had a daughter, Rebecca. She later remarried fellow editor Robert Allen. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW was active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. She has spoken for the women’s movement, the anti-apartheid movement, for the anti-nuclear movement and against female genital mutilation. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW calls herself â€Å"a womanist â€Å", her term for a black feminist. She is one of the female Afro-American writers founding the concept â€Å"New Black Renaissance† . Style †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AW’s work is deeply rooted in oral tradition; in the passing on of stories from generation to generation in the language of the people. To AW the language had a great importance. She uses the â€Å"Slave language†, which by others is seen as â€Å"not correct language†, but this is because of the effect she wants the reader to understand.

The Characteristics of Hemingway’s Works

The Characteristics of Hemingway’s Works Ernest Hemingway, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize of Literature in 1954, occupies an outstanding position in the American literature. He is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. Hemingway is famous for his distinct writing style and his â€Å"Code Hero. † In addition, his many great works are based on his experiences of war. Hemingway’s writing style is arguably the most distinctive characteristic of his works. The minimalist style is the core of Hemingway’s writing style. His writing style contrasts with William Faulkner’s meticulous writing style. Margaret Anne O'Connor and John Alberti described, â€Å"If Faulkner confuses readers because he offers so many details for readers to sift through in order to understand what's going on, Hemingway confuses by offering so few† (par. 8). Hemingway developed his simple writing style while he was a reporter for the Kansas City Star. The newspaper office supported Hemingway to learn â€Å"short sentences, short paragraphs, active verbs, authenticity, compression, clarity and immediacy. Hemingway said, â€Å"Those were the best rules I ever learned for the business of writing. I've never forgotten them† (The Hemingway Resource Center par. 1). Hemingway developed â€Å"simple, direct, and somewhat plain† style. He seldom used adverbs or adjectives in his prose writing style. He eschewed using â€Å"direct statements and descriptions of emotion† and â€Å"place and things. â₠¬  In addition, he wrote terse and clear dialogue (Cooper par. 4). If one of his sentences is compared with a sentence of William Faulkner, Hemingway’s distinct writing style can be recognized easily. In a novel A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway started the first paragraph as â€Å"In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked across the river and the plain to the mountains† (3). In contrast with Hemingway’s minimalist writing style, in a short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Faulkner described Miss Emily’s house as â€Å"It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and . . . what had once been our most select street† (29). Hemingway’s minimalist writing style is connected with the â€Å"Iceberg Principle. † Even though, Hemingway used simple writing style, his works are not simple. He endeavored to pare down words and convey implied meanings in few words. According to the Hemingway’s â€Å"Iceberg Principal,† the omissions of special parts of a story intensify the story. To do so, a writer should leave out special parts of story in â€Å"conscious† and make a reader recognize the abbreviated parts of story. If the reader recognizes the abbreviated parts, the reader can notice and understand the story intensely (Timeless Hemingway par. 70). Will Carroll wrote that â€Å"Hemingway hid nothing from the reader, though the reader did have to work to find it† (par. 2). According to Jeffrey Hart, Hemingway described his â€Å"Iceberg Principle† as â€Å"If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water† (par. 25). Another characteristic of Hemingway’s writing style is hard-boiled style. Anders Hallengren explained that â€Å"hard-boiled meant to be unfeeling, callous, coldhearted, cynical, rough, obdurate, unemotional, without sentiment† (par. ). The hard-boiled style also has close connection with Hemingway’s simple writing style. Because of his concise writing style, Hemingway could hone hard-boiled style spontaneously. Because Hemingway did not provide character’s detail thought and emotion, he described violence, cruelty, and death, whic h are discussed much in his works, unsentimentally. That is the core of the hard-boiled style. The last sentence of Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms is a precise example of the â€Å"Ice Principle† and hard-boiled style. At the end of the story, Frederic Henry loses his lover Catherine Barkley during childbirth. Hemingway did not portray Frederic Henry’s sadness lengthily. Hemingway described, â€Å"After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain† (332). Even though, Hemingway omitted the description of Frederic’s emotion and depicted Frederic’s action unfeelingly, that sentence conveys the sadness and nothingness of Frederic intensely. Therefore, the â€Å"Iceberg Principle† and hard-boiled style helped readers grasp â€Å"a greater perception and understanding† (Timeless Hemingway par. 70). Hemingway’s characters have some features which are called the â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero. Philip Young coined a term the â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero. † He described the â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero† as whom â€Å"offers up and exemplifies certain principles of honor, courage, and endurance which in a life of tension and pain make a man a man† (Timeless Hemingway par. 19). According to the Melvin C. Miles, â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero† confronts the tragic condition with â€Å"dignity†. Although he or she is destroyed, the important thing is how he or she faces the tragic condition. He or she confronts the â€Å"destruction and death† with the â€Å"grace under pressure† (par. 15). In addition, according to the Paul Totah, Hemingway defined the â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero† as â€Å"a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful† (par. 1). Frederick Henry of A Farewell to Arms, Jake Barnes of The Sun Also Rises, and Robert Jordan of For Whom the Bell Tolls are examples of the â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero. † They â€Å"are young men whose strength and self-confidence nevertheless coexist with a sensitivity that leaves them deeply scarred by their wartime experiences† (Encyclopedia Britannica par. 12). In addition, Santiago of the novella The Old Man and the Sea is one of the finest examples of the â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero. † According to Clinton S, Santiago shows â€Å"heroic proportions. † He struggles with the giant marlin with courage, honor, and â€Å"endurance. † When sharks attack the marlin, which Santiago killed with his harpoon, he confronts hardship. In that hardship, he decides â€Å"to fight them until I die† (31). Santiago’s saying touches the core of the â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero. † Santiago says, â€Å"A man can be destroyed but not defeated† (Hemingway 103). Hemingway considered â€Å"authenticity in writing† very importantly. Hemingway thought that to write â€Å"honestly,† a writer should have firsthand experience or observation of the topic. If the writer does not have direct touch of the topic, the reader would recognize the writer’s short of the knowledge about the topic. In addition, he thought that when a writer discusses the well-known topic, he or she can get rid of the â€Å"superfluous detail without sacrificing the voice of authority† (MSN Encarta par. 9). According to the Carlos Baker, Hemingway said, â€Å"A writer’s job is to tell the truth. † In addition, Hemingway often commented that â€Å"I only know what I have seen† (85). Hemingway experienced major wars of early 20th century; his experiences from war became foundations of his great works. Thomas Putnam described that â€Å"No American writer is more associated with writing about war in the early 20th century than Ernest Hemingway. He experienced it firsthand, wrote dispatches from innumerable frontlines, and used war as a backdrop for many of his most memorable works† (par. 4). According to Elizabeth Meehan, Hemingway volunteered to be American Red Cross’s ambulance driver and was dispatched to Italy during the World War I. When he visited the Italian infantry trench, he was wounded by Austrian mortar fire. However he tried to rescue another wounded Italian soldier; he was shoot in his right leg by a machine gun (38). According to the Scott Donaldson, Philip Young insisted that â€Å"Hemingway's near fatal injury on the Italian front was a traumatic event that lay at the source of most of Hemingway's writing. † That is called â€Å"Wound Theory. † According to the â€Å"Wound Theory,† because of the trauma which Hemingway underwent in the Italian infantry trench, Hemingway â€Å"frequently† described the â€Å"confrontation with death and danger† in his works (par. 22). Hemingway’s experiences from World War I influenced his novel A Farewell to Arms. According to Elizabeth Meehan, Hemingway fell in love with Agnes Von Kurowsky who was an American nurse while Hemingway recuperated in a Milan Hospital. However, after Hemingway came back to America, she broke up their relationship via a mail (38). Among the experiences of World War I, the romance with Agnes Von Kurowsky and the injury from the Italian infantry trench became the important bases of the great novel. In A Farewell to Arms, a protagonist, Frederic Henry is an American lieutenant of Italian army medical corps. Frederic meets an English nurse Catherine Barkley whose model is Agnes Von Kurowsky. After he is wounded by mortar fire on the Italian front, he is sent to a Milan hospital. In the Milan hospital, they develop their relationship. Along with the romance, Hemingway discussed the loss of human value, disillusionment, and brutality of war in A Farewell to Arms. According to Thomas Putnam, Tobias Wolff said, â€Å"Hemingway’s great war work deals with aftermath. It deals with what happens to the soul in war and how people deal with that afterward† (par. 13). The â€Å"Lost Generation† represents the loss of morality and aimlessness of the aftermath of the World War I. The term â€Å"Lost Generation† was coined by Gertrude Stein. Gertrude Stein said, â€Å"You are all a lost generation† (Hemingway preface). Hemingway used her phrase in the preface of his novel The Sun Also Rises. Thomas Putnam described â€Å"Many regard the novel [The Sun Also Rises] as Hemingway's portrait of a generation that has lost its way, restlessly seeking meaning in a postwar world† (par. 25). Jake Barnes, a protagonist of The Sun Also Rises is an example of the â€Å"Lost Generation. † He is wounded during World War I and become impotent. Even though he loves Brett Ashley, his sexual pursuit can’t be satisfied with Brett. Barnes is a man who loses the traditional notions of morality and justice and wanders aimlessly through Paris and Spain. Hemingway had loved Spain during his lifetime. When the Spanish Civil War began, Hemingway visited Spain as a correspondent and supported the Republicans. He made a documentary film, The Spanish Earth and raised money for the Republicans. His experiences during the Spanish Civil War became the base of his novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (Special Collections par. 1). Hemingway discussed the human value, love, loss of innocence, loss of liberty, death, and brutality of war in that novel. Ernest Hemingway has distinct characteristics on his work; unique writing style, â€Å"Hemingway Code Hero,† and works which based on his experiences on war. As one of the most dominant American writers, the characteristics of his works have had a lot of influences on American life. According to the James Nagel, Hemingway’s simple writing style has given important effects to American literature. Especially, his style caused â€Å"the minimalist movement in American fiction. † Besides American fiction, Hemingway’s style has permeated on the American life. America reads newspapers and magazines which are influenced by Hemingway’s prose style and listens to the news which mirrors â€Å"Hemingway’s sparse style† (par. 6-8). In addition, according to the Foster Hirsch, Hemingway’s hard-boiled style has an important effect on the â€Å"tough crime writers† (par. 1). Hemingway’s great works which are based on his experiences of war are famed all over the world; his works announced the brutality of war. In addition, Hemingway reflected the aimless of the generation who survived the World War I. However, he did not continue to reflect the aftermath. Hemingway Code Hero† shows how to confront hardship with dignity to the people who have lost their notions of morality and justice. Works Cited † Ernest Hemingway. † Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2007. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. 12 Oct. 2007 . â€Å"Ernest Hemingway. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia. 2007. Microsof t Corporation. 1 Nov. 2007 . â€Å"Ernest Hemingway Biography-World War I. † The Hemingway Resource Center. 2007. The Hemingway Resource Center. 26 Oct. 2007 < http://www. lostgeneration. com/ ww1. htm>. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway FAQ. † Timeless Hemingway. 2007. Timeless Hemingway. 27 Nov 2007 < http://www. imelesshemingway. com/faq. shtml>. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway In His Time-The Spanish Civil War. † Special Collections. 2003. University of Delaware. 29 Nov. 2007 < http://www. lib. udel. edu/ud/spec/ exhibits/hemngway/spanish. htm>. Baker, Carlos. â€Å"The Way It Was. † Ernest Hemingway: Bloom’s Critical Views. Ed. Bloom. Harold. New York: Chelsea House, 1985. 85-106. Carroll, Will. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway. † American Literature Web Resources. 2001. Millikin University. 27 Nov. 2007 < http://www. millikin. edu/aci/crow/chronology/ hemingwaybio. html>. Clinton S, Burhans. Jr.. â€Å"On Santiago as A Tragic Hero. Ernest Hemingway’s The Ol d Man and the Sea. Ed. Bloom. Harold. PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996. 30-32. Cooper, Michael. â€Å"The Writing Style of Hemingway. † Ezine Articles. 2005. Ezine Articles. 21 Nov. 2007 < http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Writing-Style-of-Hemingway&id=70613>. Donaldson, Scott. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway. † SimonSays. com. 1998. Simon & Schuster, INC. 29 Nov. 2007 < http://www. simonsays. com/content/book. cfm? sid=33&pid= 359029>. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 10th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. 9-34. Hallengren, Anders. â€Å"A Case of Identity: Ernest Hemingway. † Nobelprize. org. 2001. Nobel Foundation. 2 Nov. 2007 < http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/literature/ articles/hallengren/index. html>. Hart, Jeffrey. â€Å"Fitzgerald and Hemingway; Modernism Goes Mainstream. † The Dartmouth Review. 2006. The Dartmouth Review. 27 Nov . 2007 < http:// dartreview. com/archives/2006/11/28/fitzgerald_and_hemingway_modernism_goes_mainstream. php>. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1969. Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986. Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1970. Hirsch, Foster. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway. † The Film Noir ’net. 2007. The Film Noir ’net. 2 Nov. 2007 < http://bernardschopen. tripod. com/hemingway. html>. Meehan, Elizabeth. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway: The Solitary Hero. † Twentieth-Century American Writers. CA: Lucent Books, 2000. 36-43. Miles, Melvin C. â€Å"An Introductory Overview. † The Lunatic Fringe. 2007. El Camino College. 28 Nov. 2007 < http://www. elcamino. edu/Faculty/sdonnell/hemingway. htm>. Nagel, James. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway: A Centennial Assessment. † CNN. com 1999. CNN. 12 Oct. 2007

Research Question Impact and Benefits of Ketogenic Diet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1008 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Diet Essay Did you like this example? Obesity is becoming an epidemic for almost every demographic in the United States. With numerous attempts from countless health care organization to educate and reiterate the importance of dietary intake and weight control, obesity is still increasing dramatically. Risk factors included in obesity are an increased number of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research Question Impact and Benefits of Ketogenic Diet" essay for you Create order Genetics and pre-existing conditions combined with high-calorie diets and an unhealthy, inactive lifestyles affect weight gain and overall health. Besides weight gain and obesity, individuals with genetic predispositions face a high likelihood of developing hypertension, type-2 diabetes, as well as other diseases in various organs (i.e. heart, liver, or gallbladder disease). Research shows the social, physiological, and biological aspects of certain lifestyle changes, trend diets, and increased changes in nutritional beliefs. While there is not a set formula for weight loss and a healthy lifestyle, there are numerous ways to counteract weight gain and the other issues that could arise. One of the more recent strategies for weight loss/control, along with various other uses, is the ketogenic diet. The ketogenic diet is based off utilizing the naturally occurring process of ketosis. Many studies have shown the benefits of a ketogenic diet, but there are certain risks associated with th e trend as well. This review discusses the basis and motive of the ketogenic diet, the impact, and the positive and negatives effects of this diet. Introduction The ketogenic diet is based on the ketosis process and establishes a low carbohydrate, moderate protein, and high in fat diet. Ketosis being the metabolic process in which cells are deprived of carbohydrates, the body’s main source of energy, and as a result, starts breaking down reserves of stored fat into molecules called ketones. When there is a restriction of carbohydrates in the body, fat is broken down by liver, glycerol, and fatty acids are then released (Ruled me). The liver uses two processes to fuel your cells, they are called ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis (Ruled me). To achieve a ketosis breakdown the individual’s diets consists of about 75% fat, 20% protein, and 5% carbs â€Å"Once an individual reaches ketosis, most cells will use ketone bodies to generate energy until the individual starts eating carbohydrates again. After the individual reaches the stage of ketosis, they can begin to experiences the health benefits that come with it. One of the few ex amples of the ketosis health benefit includes the protection and regenerates of the nervous system, stimulation of mitochondrial production, ketones acting like an antioxidant, and helping to prevent the growth of some cancers. The majority of individuals consume a high-carb diet, their body burns glucose for fuel. There are problems with glucose. The body can store about 2000 Calories of glucose energy at any one time in the form of glycogen. The shift, from using circulating glucose to breaking down stored fat as a source of energy, usually happens over two to four days of eating fewer than 20 to 50 grams of carbohydrates per day† (Campos). Essentially meaning there is a decrease in easily digestible carbohydrate consumption, while there is an increase in calorically intake from proteins and fats. The Ketogenic Diet is very difficult regimen to follow due to the fact that most American foods are very high in sugar and carbohydrates (UNM). But with practice and understanding what the diet aims to achieve, it can be reduced to a manageable routine (UNM). There are four reasons why people find Ketogenic Diet to be difficult. The first reason is the supply, finding food in the grocery can be very challenging because one needs to buy food that is low in carbohydrates otherwise you get the kick out of ketosis. The second reason is the Disciple, for this diet to work, one has to be strict in self- control because it is very easy to be tempted. The third reasons are having the knowledge of the ketogenic diet which will give one a better understanding of the diet. The fourth reason is it takes time and patience for the results to show but unfortunately not everyone has that patience to wait. Dr. Russel Wilder was the creator of the ketogenic diet and has since been used to help combat weight gain. He created the diet in 1921 at the Mayo Clinic for the purpose of treating patients especially children with Epilepsy. â€Å"For almost a decade, the ketogenic diet enjoyed a place in the medical world as a therapeutic diet for pediatric epilepsy and was widely used until its popularity ceased with the introduction of antiepileptic agents† (Masood). Recently with diet trends, The resurgence of the ketogenic diet as a rapid weight loss formula is a relatively new concept the has shown to be quite effective, at least in the short run. The ketogenic diet was originally â€Å"developed for the treatment of pediatric epilepsy in the 1920s and was widely used into the next decade but its popularity waned with the introduction of effective anticonvulsant drugs† (Realize Health). Recent work over the last decade or so has provided evidence of the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets in many pathological conditions, such as diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, acne, neurological diseases, cancer and the amelioration of respiratory and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods Many studies have been conducted by various scientists and nutritionists that seem to defend the beneficial aspects of utilizing the ketogenic diet to regulate weight loss and the other health issues that can arise from obesity. But due to the intense nature of the diet, most participants do not use the ketogenic diet as a long-term diet. There were several methods listed below that explain the testing of the ketogenic diet and its benefits in the short-term. In researching this topic, there was a study entitled â€Å"Ketogenic enteral nutrition as a treatment for obesity: short-term and long-term results from 19,000 patients† conducted by Gianfranco Cappello, Antonella Franceschelli, Annal†isa Cappello, and Paolo De Luca. In this study, participants underwent cycles of the diet in 10-day periods which consisted of being given a solution consisted of 50-65 grams of protein, vitamins, and electrolytes, through a tube†